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Both designs do the same lifting and lowering work and finish at the same modeled stored-energy levels. This actuator study is separate from the graphene-materials project.

The 12 V job lowers and lifts 400 J, taking five seconds each way, then allows 80 seconds for idling and restoring stored energy. Four 100 F cells connected in series form a 25 F buffer. The conventional design returns braking energy to the battery under the same assumed charge limit.

Both designs include a 1.5 W auxiliary load, 80% motor/generator efficiency and 90% grid recharge efficiency. The nominal buffer budget includes 0.25 W for control, 1 J to wake each cycle, an 88%-efficient converter in each direction and 0.1 Ω battery resistance. Nominal grid energy falls from 718.649 J to 502.952 J per cycle.

The saving falls to 18.76% with higher assumed costs and 15.49% at intermediate battery charge acceptance. At 64 W acceptance, grid energy rises from 448.543 J to 477.561 J. The added cells weigh 84.4 g; the assumed integration mass is 200 g in the nominal case or 300 g in the adverse case. Energy for moving that added mass remains outside the model.

A scalar energy balance restores the stored-energy endpoints. A simulation that tracks the system’s state over time remains open. The saved snapshot checks covered the exact model, case and output hashes; the written independent final review was still pending.

TI bidirectional controller reference · Maxwell 100 F cell datasheet · Exact study identities

Seven capacitors meet the model’s 10 ms hold-up target.

The model covers a standalone isolated 24 V, 20 A supply that delivers 480 W from 230 V AC for 24 hours. The useful output leaves the supply’s thermal boundary, and both designs use an assumed 2 W fan.

Seven 470 μF, 450 V capacitors provide 3,290 μF nominal. That becomes 2,368.8 μF after −20% tolerance and an assumed further 10% aging reserve. The model supplies 7.428432 J against a 4.977188 J hold-up requirement. The capacitors’ nominal circular footprints total 6,735 mm². Their layout and complete installed mass remain unresolved.

Heat reduction inside the supply falls to 12.46% against a 95%-efficient reference and 3.06% against a 95.5%-efficient reference. Comparison with the strongest conventional 24 V supply meeting the same requirements remains open. An independent critic reran the saved R5 result and matched it byte for byte.

TI 24 V supply reference · TDK capacitor datasheet · Exact study identities

The motion-tag reference keeps continuous 100 Hz acceleration and Bluetooth Low Energy plus IEEE 802.15.4 reporting. With relaxed requirements and reports every 60 seconds, the comparison against a two-chip design saves 13.96% under optimistic assumptions or 8.94% under nominal assumptions. Against the ordinary scheduled TI design, the saving is zero.

The one-radio arrangement fails both simultaneous independent reception and continued independent operation after a chip fault. At the saved consolidation checkpoint, the critic rejected the claimed saving of at least 10% over the ordinary design, and the exact artifact readback failed.

TI Dynamic Multiprotocol Manager scheduling · Exact comparison identities